Does indoxyl sulfate, a uraemic toxin, have direct effects on cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes?

Abstract

Aims Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uraemic toxin found at high concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) co-morbid with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to determine direct effects of IS on cardiac cells as well as the pro-inflammatory effect of IS.Methods and resultsIndoxyl sulfate significantly increased neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast collagen synthesis (by 145.7 vs. control, P < 0.05) and myocyte hypertrophy (by 134.5 vs. control, P < 0.001) as determined by 3H-proline or 3H-leucine incorporation, respectively. Indoxyl sulfate stimulated tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1 mRNA expression in THP-1 cells as quantified by RT-PCR...